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This post shows how to get the Linux kernel, Flattened Device Tree blob, petalinux-user-image from an image.ub built by PetaLinux. Then it shows how to convert the Flattened Device Tree blob (DTB) into a DTS so that it can be edited and how to convert it back to a DTB. It then details how to extract the rootfilesystem and rebuild the rootfilesystem. It finishes by showing how to rebuild and use an image.ub with the updated components. This method is useful to try out quick changes to a device tree and a root filesystem.
Setup
Ubuntu 16.04.5
PetaLinux 2019.1 installed to ~/petalinux/2019.1/ using:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y install python3 dos2unix iproute2 gawk xvfb git make net-tools libncurses5-dev tftpd lib32z1 libssl-dev flex bison libselinux1 gnupg wget diffstat chrpath socat xterm autoconf libtool tar unzip texinfo zlib1g-dev gcc-multilib build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libglib2.0-dev libsdl-dev build-essential gcc-multilib glib2.0 automake screen pax gzip libtool-bin zlib1g:i386 mkdir -p $HOME/petalinux cd ~/Downloads ./petalinux-v2019.1-final-installer.run $HOME/petalinux/2019.1
ZCU102 BSP was built using:
# Download the 2019.1 ZCU102 BSP from:
https://www.xilinx.com/member/forms/download/xef.html?filename=xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp to ~/Downloads
# Step #2:
mkdir ~/plxbsps
cd ~/plxbsps
cp ~/Downloads/xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp .
md5sum xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp
# You should see:
# 2189911c4ac9c33f170cdced96472ba7 xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp
rm ~/Downloads/xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp
# Step #3:
mkdir ~/plxprjs
cd ~/plxprjs/
source ~/petalinux/2019.1/settings.sh
# You should see:
# PetaLinux environment set to '/home/demo/petalinux/2019.1'
# INFO: Checking free disk space
# INFO: Checking installed tools
# INFO: Checking installed development libraries
# INFO: Checking network and other services
# WARNING: No tftp server found - please refer to "PetaLinux SDK Installation Guide" for its impact and solution
petalinux-create -t project -s ~/plxbsps/xilinx-zcu102-v2019.1-final.bsp cd xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/
petalinux-build
Steps
# Get the Tools: dtc, dumpimage, mkimage
sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools
# Get the version of dtc
dtc -v
# Example output:
# Version: DTC 1.4.0
# Get the Version of dumpimage with
dumpimage -V
# Example output:
# dumpimage version 2016.01+dfsg1-2ubuntu5
# Get the Version of mkimage with:
mkimage -V
# Example output:
# mkimage version 2016.01+dfsg1-2ubuntu5
# List Contents of the FIT Image (aka list the contents of images/linux/image.ub)
cd ~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/
mkimage -l images/linux/image.ub
# Example output:
FIT description: U-Boot fitImage for PetaLinux/4.19-xilinx-v2019.1+gitAUTOINC+9811303824/zcu102-zynqmp
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Image 0 (kernel@1)
Description: Linux kernel
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 18149888 Bytes = 17724.50 kB = 17.31 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x00080000
Entry Point: 0x00080000
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: e4d410bcdce2a6869cb553b054d5fb31988a0cb1
Image 1 (fdt@system-top.dtb)
Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 41288 Bytes = 40.32 kB = 0.04 MB
Architecture: AArch64
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 2062c3ae51659cc8ac7ab76bf3ae0dc311ca4b08
Image 2 (ramdisk@1)
Description: petalinux-user-image
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: RAMDisk Image
Compression: gzip compressed
Data Size: 6625387 Bytes = 6470.10 kB = 6.32 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: unavailable
Entry Point: unavailable
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 74c7a71f25ef5f2ed8e74d0ccdc93e31306fb567
Default Configuration: 'conf@system-top.dtb'
Configuration 0 (conf@system-top.dtb)
Description: 1 Linux kernel, FDT blob, ramdisk
Kernel: kernel@1
Init Ramdisk: ramdisk@1
FDT: fdt@system-top.dtb
# Split Out the dtb from a FIT Image (aka extract the dtb from an image.ub)
cd ~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/
dumpimage -i images/linux/image.ub -T flat_dt -p 1 mysystems.dtb
# Example output:
Extracted:
Image 1 (fdt@system-top.dtb)
Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 41288 Bytes = 40.32 kB = 0.04 MB
Architecture: AArch64
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 2062c3ae51659cc8ac7ab76bf3ae0dc311ca4b08
# Convert a DTB to a DTS (aka see what's in the DTB we're going boot)
dtc -I dtb -O dts mysystems.dtb > mysystems.dts
# Make the changes to mysystems.dts you want to try
# ...like disable power management:
vi mysystems.dts
bootargs = "earlycon console=ttyPS0,115200 clk_ignore_unused cpuidle.off=1";
# Convert a DTS to a DTB (aka get a DTB ready for a FIT image, aka put a new DTB in an image.ub)
dtc -I dts -O dtb mysystems.dts > new-mysystem.dtb
#..and back (to check):
dtc -I dtb -O dts new-mysystem.dtb > new-mysystem.dts
# Split Out the kernel from a FIT Image (aka extract the kernel from an image.ub)
dumpimage -i images/linux/image.ub -T flat_dt -p 0 myImage
# Example output:
Extracted:
Image 0 (kernel@1)
Description: Linux kernel
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 18149888 Bytes = 17724.50 kB = 17.31 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x00080000
Entry Point: 0x00080000
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: e4d410bcdce2a6869cb553b054d5fb31988a0cb1
# Split Out the rootfs from a FIT Image (aka get the rootfs from an image.ub)
dumpimage -i images/linux/image.ub -T flat_dt -p 2 myrootfs.cpio.gz
# Example output
Extracted:
Image 2 (ramdisk@1)
Description: petalinux-user-image
Created: Tue Oct 5 10:29:19 2021
Type: RAMDisk Image
Compression: gzip compressed
Data Size: 6625387 Bytes = 6470.10 kB = 6.32 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: unavailable
Entry Point: unavailable
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 74c7a71f25ef5f2ed8e74d0ccdc93e31306fb567
# Expand, Get The Biggest Items, Make an Update, and Repack a rootfs (aka extract a rootfs.cpio.gz )
mkdir debugrootfs
pushd debugrootfs
gzip -cd ../myrootfs.cpio.gz | cpio -imd --quiet
du -a . | sort -n -r | head -n 20
touch test.txt
find . | cpio -H newc -o -R root:root > ../newmyrootfs.cpio
popd
cat newmyrootfs.cpio | gzip > newmyrootfs.cpio.gz
# Example output
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/debugrootfs$ gzip -cd ../myrootfs.cpio.gz | cpio -imd --quiet
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/debugrootfs$ du -a . | sort -n -r | head -n 20
18308 .
7548 ./usr
5972 ./lib
3056 ./usr/sbin
2072 ./usr/share
2000 ./bin
1920 ./sbin
1756 ./usr/share/licenses
1692 ./lib/modules
1688 ./lib/modules/4.19.0-xilinx-v2019.1
1584 ./lib/modules/4.19.0-xilinx-v2019.1/kernel
1380 ./lib/libc-2.28.so
1300 ./usr/lib
1124 ./bin/bash.bash
1008 ./lib/modules/4.19.0-xilinx-v2019.1/kernel/drivers
996 ./usr/bin
892 ./usr/lib/opkg
888 ./usr/lib/opkg/alternatives
876 ./usr/sbin/tcf-agent
772 ./etc
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/debugrootfs$ touch test.txt
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/debugrootfs$ find . | cpio -H newc -o -R root:root > ../newmyrootfs.cpio
31340 blocks
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/debugrootfs$ popd
~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1
demo@ubuntu:~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1$ cat newmyrootfs.cpio | gzip > newmyrootfs.cpio.gz
# Create an image.ub (aka repack a FIT image)
# Note: uses the new files created above:
# myImage, new-mysystem.dtb, newmyrootfs.cpio.gz
# Note: select everything from the "c" in cat to the "S" in IMAGEITS
# Note2: you can also create image.its with the contents starting with /dts-v1/; and ending with the }; before IMAGEITS
cat << "IMAGEITS" > image.its
/dts-v1/;
/ {
description = "U-Boot fitImage for plnx_aarch64 kernel";
#address-cells = <1>;
images {
kernel@0 {
description = "Linux Kernel";
data = /incbin/("./myImage");
type = "kernel";
arch = "arm64";
os = "linux";
compression = "none";
load = <0x80000>;
entry = <0x80000>;
hash@1 {
algo = "sha1";
};
};
fdt@0 {
description = "Flattened Device Tree blob";
data = /incbin/("./new-mysystem.dtb");
type = "flat_dt";
arch = "arm64";
compression = "none";
hash@1 {
algo = "sha1";
};
};
ramdisk@0 {
description = "ramdisk";
data = /incbin/("./newmyrootfs.cpio.gz");
type = "ramdisk";
arch = "arm64";
os = "linux";
compression = "gzip";
hash@1 {
algo = "sha1";
};
};
};
configurations {
default = "conf@1";
conf@1 {
description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob + ramdisk";
kernel = "kernel@0";
fdt = "fdt@0";
ramdisk = "ramdisk@0";
hash@1 {
algo = "sha1";
};
};
};
};
IMAGEITS
mkimage -f image.its image.itb
# Example output:
FIT description: U-Boot fitImage for plnx_aarch64 kernel
Created: Sun Oct 10 11:15:23 2021
Image 0 (kernel@0)
Description: Linux Kernel
Created: Sun Oct 10 11:15:23 2021
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 18149888 Bytes = 17724.50 kB = 17.31 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x00080000
Entry Point: 0x00080000
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: e4d410bcdce2a6869cb553b054d5fb31988a0cb1
Image 1 (fdt@0)
Description: Flattened Device Tree blob
Created: Sun Oct 10 11:15:23 2021
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Size: 37064 Bytes = 36.20 kB = 0.04 MB
Architecture: AArch64
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 6acc0c305ed9b3c820ed981ed421e617d86f5d7b
Image 2 (ramdisk@0)
Description: ramdisk
Created: Sun Oct 10 11:15:23 2021
Type: RAMDisk Image
Compression: gzip compressed
Data Size: 6653833 Bytes = 6497.88 kB = 6.35 MB
Architecture: AArch64
OS: Linux
Load Address: unavailable
Entry Point: unavailable
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: f59fd56ab1974d2e684131e86b447b0ec46f01fe
Default Configuration: 'conf@1'
Configuration 0 (conf@1)
Description: Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob + ramdisk
Kernel: kernel@0
Init Ramdisk: ramdisk@0
FDT: fdt@0
Test
# Switch the ZCU102 to PS JTAG mode
# See all the modes here:
# Turn on the ZCU102
# In one terminal
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
# Use Ctrl-a x to scroll
# In another terminal
cd ~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1
source ~/petalinux/2019.1/settings.sh
petalinux-boot --jtag --u-boot -v
# Stop U-Boot at: "Hit any key to stop autoboot: " ...in the other terminal
# In a third terminal
~/petalinux/2019.1/tools/xsct/bin/xsct
# In xsct
connect
# You should see: tcfchan#0
targets
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*A53*#0"} ;# or targets 10
dow -data ~/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/image.itb 0x20000000
disco
# You should see:
# 100% 23MB 0.3MB/s 01:11
# Successfully downloaded /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/image.itb
# In the U-Boot terminal
bootm 0x20000000
# After boot:
ls /
# You'll see test.txt
# Example output from boot:
INIT: version 2.88 booting
PMU Firmware 2019.1 Sep 5 2021 21:05:51
PMU_ROM Version: xpbr-v7.2.0-1
Xilinx Zynq MP First Stage Boot Loader
Release 2019.1 Sep 5 2021 - 21:05:09
NOTICE: ATF running on XCZU9EG/silicon v3/RTL5.1 at 0xfffea000
NOTICE: BL31: Secure code at 0x60000000
NOTICE: BL31: Non secure code at 0x10080000
NOTICE: BL31: v2.0(release):xilinx-v2018.3-720-g80d1c790
NOTICE: BL31: Built : 16:26:05, Oct 5 2021
PMUFW: v1.1
U-Boot 2019.01 (Oct 05 2021 - 16:26:46 +0000)
Model: ZynqMP ZCU102 Rev1.0
Board: Xilinx ZynqMP
DRAM: 4 GiB
EL Level: EL2
Chip ID: zu9eg
MMC: mmc@ff170000: 0
Loading Environment from SPI Flash... SF: Detected n25q512a with page size 512 Bytes, erase size 128 KiB, total 128 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial@ff000000
Out: serial@ff000000
Err: serial@ff000000
Model: ZynqMP ZCU102 Rev1.0
Board: Xilinx ZynqMP
Bootmode: JTAG_MODE
Reset reason: EXTERNAL
Net: ZYNQ GEM: ff0e0000, phyaddr c, interface rgmii-id
Warning: ethernet@ff0e0000 MAC addresses don't match:
Address in ROM is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Address in environment is 00:0a:35:00:22:01
eth0: ethernet@ff0e0000
U-BOOT for xilinx-zcu102-2019_1
ethernet@ff0e0000 Waiting for PHY auto negotiation to complete......................................... TIMEOUT !
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
# Example output from petalinux-boot --jtag --u-boot -v
INFO: sourcing build tools
XSDB Script:
INFO: Launching XSDB for file download and boot.
INFO: This may take a few minutes, depending on the size of your image.
connect
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*PSU*"}
mask_write 0xFFCA0038 0x1C0 0x1C0
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*MicroBlaze PMU*"}
puts stderr "INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/pmufw.elf to the target."
dow "/home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/pmufw.elf"
after 2000
con
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*APU*"}
mwr 0xffff0000 0x14000000
mask_write 0xFD1A0104 0x501 0x0
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*A53*#0"}
source /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/project-spec/hw-description/psu_init.tcl
puts stderr "INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/zynqmp_fsbl.elf to the target."
dow "/home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/zynqmp_fsbl.elf"
after 2000
con
after 4000; stop; catch {stop}; psu_ps_pl_isolation_removal; psu_ps_pl_reset_config
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*A53*#0"}
puts stderr "INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/u-boot.elf to the target."
dow "/home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/u-boot.elf"
after 2000
targets -set -nocase -filter {name =~ "*A53*#0"}
puts stderr "INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/bl31.elf to the target."
dow "/home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/bl31.elf"
after 2000
con
exit
rlwrap: warning: your $TERM is 'xterm-256color' but rlwrap couldn't find it in the terminfo database. Expect some problems.: Inappropriate ioctl for device
INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/pmufw.elf to the target.
Downloading Program -- /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/pmufw.elf
section, .vectors.reset: 0xffdc0000 - 0xffdc0007
section, .vectors.sw_exception: 0xffdc0008 - 0xffdc000f
section, .vectors.interrupt: 0xffdc0010 - 0xffdc0017
section, .vectors.hw_exception: 0xffdc0020 - 0xffdc0027
section, .text: 0xffdc0050 - 0xffdd0dc7
section, .rodata: 0xffdd0dc8 - 0xffdd2edf
section, .data: 0xffdd2ee0 - 0xffdd71d7
section, .sdata2: 0xffdd71d8 - 0xffdd71d7
section, .sdata: 0xffdd71d8 - 0xffdd71d7
section, .sbss: 0xffdd71d8 - 0xffdd71d7
section, .bss: 0xffdd71e0 - 0xffddb20b
section, .srdata: 0xffddb20c - 0xffddbb2f
section, .stack: 0xffddbb30 - 0xffddcb2f
section, .xpbr_serv_ext_tbl: 0xffddf6e0 - 0xffddfadf
100% 0MB 0.2MB/s 00:00
Setting PC to Program Start Address 0xffdcffe0
Successfully downloaded /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/pmufw.elf
INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/zynqmp_fsbl.elf to the target.
Downloading Program -- /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/zynqmp_fsbl.elf
section, .text: 0xfffc0000 - 0xfffd410b
section, .init: 0xfffd4140 - 0xfffd4173
section, .fini: 0xfffd4180 - 0xfffd41b3
section, .note.gnu.build-id: 0xfffd41b4 - 0xfffd41d7
section, .rodata: 0xfffd4200 - 0xfffd474f
section, .sys_cfg_data: 0xfffd4780 - 0xfffd4f67
section, .mmu_tbl0: 0xfffd5000 - 0xfffd500f
section, .mmu_tbl1: 0xfffd6000 - 0xfffd7fff
section, .mmu_tbl2: 0xfffd8000 - 0xfffdbfff
section, .data: 0xfffdc000 - 0xfffdd3b7
section, .sbss: 0xfffdd3b8 - 0xfffdd3bf
section, .bss: 0xfffdd3c0 - 0xfffdf5bf
section, .heap: 0xfffdf5c0 - 0xfffdf9bf
section, .stack: 0xfffdf9c0 - 0xfffe19bf
section, .dup_data: 0xfffe19c0 - 0xfffe2d77
section, .handoff_params: 0xfffe9e00 - 0xfffe9e87
section, .bitstream_buffer: 0xffff0040 - 0xfffffc3f
100% 0MB 0.2MB/s 00:00
Setting PC to Program Start Address 0xfffc0000
Successfully downloaded /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/zynqmp_fsbl.elf
INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/u-boot.elf to the target.
Downloading Program -- /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/u-boot.elf
section, .data: 0x10080000 - 0x1014c51f
100% 0MB 0.2MB/s 00:04
Setting PC to Program Start Address 0x10080000
Successfully downloaded /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/u-boot.elf
INFO: Downloading ELF file: /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/bl31.elf to the target.
Downloading Program -- /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/bl31.elf
section, .text: 0xfffea000 - 0xffff1fff
section, .rodata: 0xffff2000 - 0xffff2fff
section, .data: 0xffff3000 - 0xffff6777
section, stacks: 0xffff6780 - 0xffff787f
section, .bss: 0xffff7880 - 0xffff8613
section, xlat_table: 0xffff9000 - 0xffffdfff
section, coherent_ram: 0xffffe000 - 0xffffefff
100% 0MB 0.1MB/s 00:00
Setting PC to Program Start Address 0xfffea000
Successfully downloaded /home/demo/plxprjs/xilinx-zcu102-2019.1/images/linux/bl31.elf
References
https://xilinx-wiki.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/A/pages/18842374/U-Boot+Images
The Xilinx graphic is from [link]